Lapland terns face challenges with food availability during the nesting season, but have adapted to a lifestyle that helps them cope with climate change. These migratory birds travel long distances in search of nutrient-rich areas off the southwest coast of Africa and the southern Indian Ocean. Researchers have studied their journeys and modeled potential changes in response to varying levels of climate emissions.
The Lapland terns, nesting in Sweden, Iceland, and Greenland, begin their spring migration from Antarctic waters in March-April, stopping to refuel along the way. While they may face some challenges with food depletion in the North Atlantic during the nesting season (May-August), they are adaptable and may be able to cope with some loss in food supply. On their return migration in August-October, the terns feed in nutrient-rich areas off the southwest coast of Africa and the southern Indian Ocean. Despite potential challenges with changing sea currents in the North Atlantic during the nesting season, the terns are able to find ample food sources on their migratory route.
Researchers predict that the terns will also have sufficient food sources in Antarctic waters between October and March. While they may encounter stronger headwinds, the birds are able to fish for krill crustaceans and rest on sea ice during this time. Overall, through their research, scientists have gained insights into how these birds navigate vast distances and varying food availability to survive in different regions. The Lapland terns show resilience in the face of changing climate conditions and continue to adapt as necessary for survival on their migratory journeys.
