Radioactive Rhinos: How Technology is Fighting Poaching and Saving Endangered Species

Researchers in South Africa have developed a new approach to prevent poaching and safeguard rhinos’ horns. Previously, de-horning was used to discourage poachers, but this technique disrupted the animals’ social structures. In a nursery in Limpopo, rhinos have been implanted with radioactive isotopes into their horns. The radiation emitted from these isotopes can be detected at border crossings, identifying anyone who has handled a rhino horn.

The radioactive isotopes remain on the horn even when the tracker is removed, making it easier to trace and intercept trafficked horns. Professor James Larkin of the Radiation and Health Physics Unit at the University of Witwatersrand led the project, which involved injecting 20 rhinos with these isotopes. He explained that this method utilizes a global network of radiation monitors designed to prevent nuclear terrorism.

Professor Nithaya Chetty, dean of the science faculty at Witwatersrand, assured that the radioactivity dosage used on the rhinos was minimal and extensively tested for any negative impact on the animals. Rhino horn is highly sought after in Asia for its supposed medicinal properties, while elephant ivory is often used in sculptures.

Given the ongoing threat of poaching and the limitations of existing prevention methods, innovative solutions like this are critical. South Africa continues to lose a significant number of rhinos each year due to poaching. By implementing new technologies like radioactive isotopes, researchers hope to turn the tide against poachers and protect these vulnerable animals.