In the courtyard of the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque in New Delhi, there stands a 7.2-meter high iron pillar that has remained intact for over 1,600 years. Scientists have studied this ancient craftsmanship and discovered that its durability is due to its unique composition. The pillar is made of wrought iron containing high phosphorus levels and no sulfur or magnesium, making it resistant to corrosion.
The iron pillar was built during the Gupta empire and serves as a symbol of India’s ancient metallurgy skills. Its durability is attributed to the non-traditional technique used by the ancient craftsmen called forge welding. This process involved heating and hammering the iron while maintaining the high phosphorus levels intact, which helped enhance its strength. Additionally, the compound of iron, oxygen, and hydrogen found on the surface of the pillar also contributed to its durability.
Despite environmental conditions and pollution in modern times, the iron pillar remains standing as a testament to scientific institutions in India. It continues to be a subject of study and admiration for its durability and craftsmanship.
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