The loss of the tail in humans and great apes has long been a mystery, but a recent study by Dr. Bo Shiah (Xia) and his team at New York University may have finally shed light on this genetic phenomenon. Using mice and human cells, the researchers discovered that the TBXT gene, particularly its sixth exon, plays a crucial role in tail development.
The TBXT gene is associated with the development of tails in various species, and the team found that a unique transposon segment within this gene was present in all hominoids but not in tailed monkeys. This transposon sequence influences protein production essential for tail formation, leading to shorter proteins associated with tail loss.
Furthermore, the timing and quantity of protein production were found to be crucial for proper spinal development and tail growth. While these findings provide valuable insights into the genetic basis of tail loss in hominoids, there may be additional genetic changes responsible for this trait.
Evolution researcher Terence Capellini from Harvard University suggests further investigation using transgenic mice to explore the order of genetic changes leading to tail disappearance. The evolutionary pressures that led to this loss remain unclear, with hypotheses suggesting benefits such as increased mobility on the ground.
In conclusion, Dr. Shiah’s research provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of tail loss in humans and great apes over millions of years. Further exploration is needed to fully understand how these evolutionary pressures shaped our anatomy and physiology today.
